GROUP 5 - THE SANS CULOTTES- MARCH ON ROME

Thursday November 2nd, 1922 - article writted from London , England.

Mussolini invades Rome

Italy is in a state of emergency

Mussolini before the march.

The tension experienced in recent weeks in the Italian capital has finally ceased. 
Mussolini ordered in mid-October that all the members of the National Fascist Party prepare to carry out mass public demonstrations in all the major cities of Italy, resorting to all possible violence, if necessary.
By that date, the fascists had succeeded, through various aggressions and threats, in forcing the resignation of almost all the socialist authorities of Northern Italy, a region they dominated in a few days, in the face of the passivity of the army and the police.

Mussolini with the black shirts.

Before an order of Mussolini, masses of fascists threw themselves both on roads and trains to go to Rome, in order to take power for their leader. Armed with only a few guns, steel clubs and homemade weapons, the black shirts went to the Italian capital since last month 22th, threatening to provoke a civil war if the authorities blocked them. The fascists protesters went by rail, in cars or trucks, and even on foot those who resided in nearby regions. By October 25, a large mass of black shirts had reached the outskirts of Rome and their number increased in days days.

Yesterday, Mussolini installed his government in Rome.  On October 29, King Víctor Manuel III asked Mussolini to be the prime minister and to form a cabinet, given by the pressure and circumstances of the moment.Traveling from Milan by train, Mussolini formed the government in Rome on October 30. About 25,000 lady's dresses were transported to the city only that day, from where they marched in a triumphal ceremonial parade on October 31, 1922. Andrew Bonar Law the English Prime Minister has declared his displeasure before the new totalitarian regime of Italy. From the writing of the newspaper we agree with him.

 here is a video about the March on Rome.

¡¡¡RECOPILACIÓN DE APARICIONES EN PRENSA!!!

Bueno chicos y chicas!! Hemos vivido unas semanas muy intensas con la aparición de nuestro trabajo en diferentes medios, pero ya han pasado y hay que volver al trabajo!! Aquí os dejo una recopilación de los artículos en que ha aparecido nuestro HISTORICAL NEWSPAPER PROJECT para que los veáis cuantas veces queráis. Un saludo y ENHORABUENA POR VUESTRO TRABAJO!!

DIARIO DE LEÓN 13/03/2018

EL PAÍS - VERNE - 23/03/2018

AUDIO DE LA ENTREVISTA EN RADIO LA BAÑEZA - 28/03/2018

AUDIO ENTREVISTA EN "GENTE DESPIERTA", RNE - 25/04/2018

Y además, el vídeo de La Bañeza Hoy

CONTENTS UNIT 6 - THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, THE INTER WAR PERIOD AND THE SUFFRAGIST MOVEMENT

Here we have a very interesting subject; a difficult period in which the context of Russia, the enormous country governed by the Tsar, change drastically while the economic situation of the world led to the rising of totalitarianism. At the same time, the fight for women´s rights continued...

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Unit 6 - The Russian Revolution, the interwar period and the Suffragist movement from IES - ORNIA - LA BAÑEZA (LEÓN)

the executioners unit 5

8th October 1916

THE MAGIC OF CHRISTMAS UNITED ENEMIES

Tired of fighting, the British and German troops come together to play football, forgetting their differences.

These Christmas of 1914 took place a truce between Germans and British on the border between German and French lands. During this truce both troops held several football matches in no man`s land. Now the truth comes to light thanks to the interview we have been able to make to an old soldier wounded in the trenches that participated in these football matches.

These are the statements:

Q: How were the days in the trenches?

A: The days were very hard, the cold, hunger and diseases made it an agony. The noise of the shots and the grenades instead os the sound os the birds, the heartrending screams of men leaving broken families, was a real torture. Every night we went to sleep giving thanks for having lived another day but afraid it was our last day.

Q: What kind of diseases did you get?

A: The conditions in which we were, made us contract tuberculosis and pneumonias but the most frecuent was the so called trench fever caused by infected wounds.

Q: Did you participated in the Christmas truce?

A: Yes, it was the only day in which we rested from all the noises and worries of the war that we had to suffer, you could see how we had many things in common...after all none of us who were there wanted the war.

Q:Tell me more about the day of the truce.

A: We played a soccer match in no man`s land, it was incredible how we could understand each other despite being opponents. But after finishing the truce everything came back to the violence, pain and suffering.

Q:What is the hardest thing you`ve seen?

A: The hardest thing I`ve seen has been that in an attack my brother and I were going togheter and suddenly a bullet went through his head, I could see how his gesture froze and his whole body fell to the floor leaving his wife`s letters whitout answers.

Q:Which is the hardest things you have done?

A: Kill so many people and have destroyed so many families, left orphan children.

As we can see the conditions in the trenches were horrible and we wait that all the soldiers who survived can live in peace.

The Kings Unit 5

24th October, 1873

Foreign policy

The great emperors are joined

The last saturday, 22nd of October, the leaders of the three most powerfull countries in Europe: Wilhelm I of  the German Empire, Tsar Alexander II with the Russian Empire and Franz Joseph of the Austria-Hungarian Empire; agreed to cooperate between them and against France and the governments of liberal ideas.

Otto von Bismark

The idea of this agreement come of Germany and particularly of the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck due to his plan to keep France isolated and away from any diplomatic alliance, and to keep Austria-Hungary and Russia as potential allies of the German Empire. With this plan Bismarck avoided that, after the defeat of 1870 in the Franco-Prussian War of the Third French Republic, France could obtaine some external support if it tried a warlike conflict with Germany to recover the regions of Alsace and Lorraine.

Wilhelm I, Franz Joseph and Tsar Alexander II 

Germany first began with the negotations
with Austria and then Russia, that fears the strength of this new alliance, considered that was best to join it. The saturday, the "League of the Three Emperors" was
formed, which unites Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia and that presents a strong opposition against France, and also against socialism. Althought the agreement was successfully carried out, the rest of Europe suspect that it can't last for a long time  because, both, Russia and Austria want the control of the Balkans.

The agreemnet between the three leaders guarantees the neutrality of their countries in case of conflict with another nation. They want to consolidate the general peace through an understanding and to assure the defensive position of their respective States, they have reached an agreement on certain issues that affect their reciprocal interests.

We hope that the agreement come only with good news for the rest of Europe and no more conflicts.

The Emperors, Unit 5

The United States enters in the Great War!

Almost 2 years after the Lusitania´s sinking, President Wilson declares war to Germany

As you all know, on the morning of 6 May, Lusitania was 750 miles (1,210 km) west of southern Ireland.

The torpedo struck Lusitania under the bridge, sending a plume of debris, steel plating and water upward and knocking lifeboat number five off its davits. A second, more powerful explosion followed, sending a geyser of water, coal, dust and debris high above the deck. Many lifeboats overturned while loading or lowering, spilling passengers into the sea; others were overturned by the ship's motion when they hit the wáter. Lusitania sank in only 18 minutes, 11.5 miles (19 km) off the Old Head of Kinsale.  More tan 100 americans died.

Almost 2 years later, on April 2nd, Wilson spoke before Congress. With a deep sense of the solemn and tragic step he was taking, he told the parliamentarians that they should consider the German actions as a declaration of war against the government and the people of the United States.

The armed neutrality had been ineffective, since it was impossible to implement to defend the ships against the attacks of German submarines.

"We have nothing against the German people, our only feelings towards them are sympathy and friendship," Wilson said. But, he added, "the world must be a safe place for democracy to exist."

President Wilson

Dictators Unit 5

Germany extremely punished.

A new treaty has been signed in Versailles punishing the guilty countries of the war.

 The Treaty of Versailles has been signed on 28 June and consisted of 440 Articles setting out the terms for Germany's punishment who lost the 13 per cent of its territory and the most of the German´s colonies that had been redistributed among the other colonial powers. The small but industrially important Saar region has started to be governed by Britain and France and its coal is going to be exported to France in recompense for the French coal mines destroyed by Germany during the war. The treaty has been recieved with pleased in the German country. 

The ´Big Four´

 Germany actually has three weeks to comply. The German government is complaining that they have not been consulted the terms of the treaty. They argued that "is nothing less than a dictate" set by the representatives of the Allies, from left to right are; David Lloyd George for Great Britain, Vittorio Orlando for Italy, Georges Clemenceau for France and Woodrow Wilson for the US.

 The principal commands for the guilty of the war are:

1. The German army has to be restricted to 100.000 men, the navy is restricted to six battleships and no submarines. It can not have tanks or an air force.

Germany territory losses.

2. Germany has to return Alsace-Lorraine to France and the German region of east Prussia has to be separated from the rest of the country by a corridor of land that will be govern by Poland.

3. The Germans have to pay reparations of the European allies. Been total summatory 132 billion gold marks.

4. It had to sing the war-guilt clause.

5. Germany has to give all his colonies to Great Britain and France.

After this hard episode Europe has to recover, carry on and restart following paths of peace.

STANLEY KUBRICK´S PATHS OF GLORY

World War I has inspired movies, comics, songs, books and other artistic manifestations. The film that we are going to watch is considered a classic, and its director one of the most recognized, acclaimed and at the same time controversial of the history of cinema. Paths of Glory is a pacifist story that tells about the horror of war and injustice. I hope it will make you reflect.

Here I leave you the exercise that you must complete after watching the movie. The last day to deliver it is Tuesday, March 20. To find out how your evaluation will be, see the rubric we used for the previous film with which we work.

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APLICACIÓN DIDÁCTICA PARA LA PELÍCULA "SENDEROS DE GLORIA" from IES - ORNIA - LA BAÑEZA (LEÓN)

Sans Culottes - Unit 5

Thursday 30th, June 1914

The terrible tragedy of Sarajevo

The empire of Austria Hungary lose their heir

Franz Ferdinand

The last Sunday, June 28 a terrible tragedy happened in the city of Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sofia were shot by Gavrilo Princip.

The attack occurred at first hour in the morning while his vehicle circulated in an official visit to the city of Sarajevo.
There were several failed attempts to kill them that morning, the most important was a cyanide bomb that caused several injuries. After this incident, the driver of the official car deviates from the established route to avoid the attackers, with the bad luck of getting lost and being with the cause of the inevitable death of the dukes.

The moment of the attempt.

 This man shot twice against the car in which the dukes were. One of the bullets reached Franz Ferdinand the chest and another one bounced and reached sofia which was pregnant with 9 months. Both died after 20 minutes. Franz Ferninand was very scrupulous in his costumes and always wore his clothes well pressed and buttoned, to the point of wearing the lapels of his shirt and jacket sewn in the military parades so that they would not move with the wind. The day of the murder he wore the stitched coat, this was one of the reasons why it was not possible to succor in time. 

All those involved in the attacks have been caught and will be judged according to their charges.

Sources close to Emperor Franz Joseph the 1st point to the fact that the last heir to the throne of Austria Hungary will be Charles of Habsburg-Lorraine and Saxony.

You can watch a animated recreation of the attempt here.

Sans Culottes - Group 5

October 3rd, 1864

The creation of the I.W.A

Good news for the workers and the proletariat

Marx talking in St. Martin's Hall in September

To start good this October, we bring some good news for workers across Europe, a new Association is born to help them.

The I.W.A (Interational Workers Association) was founded in London at Saint Martin's Hall, in September 28th, forming a committee whose mission was to draft a program and statutes for the Association. It is considered a response to the exploitation suffered by workers as a result of the industrial revolution. Its goal is to achieve a more just and equitable social order, fighting against capitalism. It is a symbol of international solidarity among workers across borders.

The assembly of delegates has chosen a provisional committee where Chartists, trade unionists, socialists of different tendencies and followers of Proudhon are found.

Some notorious members are Louis Auguste Blanqui,  a  french socialist and political activist, Giuseppe Garibaldi, a italian politician and general, and Friedrich Engels, co-writer of the Communist Manifiesto with the chosen one to write the statutes, Karl Marx. The statutes highlights several ideas:

Promotional poster of the I.W.A

· The International should not abolish national associations, but enhance their activity on a global scale.

· The emancipation of the working class would be the work of the workers themselves.

· There would be no emancipation without struggle for political power.

We hope that the organization achieves its purposes and spread throughout the world to provide better conditions for workers.

For more info you have this: video

And the original news of the creation of the I.W.A here