Unit 4 The Dictators

Revolution in the machinery!

 James Watt invents the modern steam engine.

James Watt has patented his first efficient steam machine. He has not invented it but he has improved at stratospheric levels the Thomas Newcomen´s machine making it more useful and efficient for the manual jobs.

Plane of a steam engine

The first working steam engine had been patented in 1698 and by the time of Watt's birth, Newcomen engines were pumping water from mines all over the country. In around 1764, Watt was given a model Newcomen engine to repair. He realised that it was hopelessly inefficient and began to work to improve the design. He designed a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine that prevented enormous losses of steam. His new patent covered this device and other improvements on Newcomen's engine.

Portrait of James Watt.

Watt and Matthew Boulton, who owns an engineering works in Birmingham are starting to manufacture and commercialize this new steam machine. Watt's two most important improvements were the separate condenser and rotary motion. The separate condenser, located external to the cylinder, condensed steam without cooling the piston and cylinder walls as did the internal spray in Newcomen's engine. Watt's engine's efficiency was more than the double of the Newcomen´s engine. Rotary motion was more suitable for industrial power than the oscillating beam of Newcomen's engine. It is a vacuum or "atmospheric" engine using steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to create a partial vacuum beneath the piston.


This machine is useful for many manual and tedious tasks. It will revolution the industry speeding up the production in a 150%. 

EMPERORS UNIT 3

WHAT EVERYONE WAS WAITING FOR

After the bombing of Barcelona, Espartero lost the popularity achieved as winner of the first Carlist War and that gave him the title of "Duque de la Victoria". In the first months of 1843 a "antiespartierist coalition" was formed.

General Espartero

The 27th of May there was a protest at Reus, led by moderate militars, such as General Prim, Topete and Serrano. Espartero went to Valencia to oversee the operations against the rebels. But, the 27th of June, three generals came back from exile in Paris. These generals were moderates as well, Generals Ramón María Narváez, Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha y Juan González de la Pezuela . 

Serrano was named the provisional leader of government. After swearing everything the Board asked for, Serrano and the barceloneses started to march agaisnt Madrid.

The 22nd of July the Battle of Torrejón de Ardoz took place, which only lasted for 15 minutes, because the troops of the progresists joined the troops led by Serrano and in the 23rd Narváez entered at Madrid and reestablished Joaquín María López as president.

López didn´t recognise the promise between Serrano and the Board of Barcelona to call a central Board which would asume the power.

After knowing the ending of the Battle of Torrejón de Ardoz, Espartero fled to England, after losing all hope when wasn´t able to conquer Seville.

CONTENTS UNIT 4 - THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Here you have the contents related with Unit 4: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

It was a very important period that finally changed every aspect of the 19th century society, economy and politics. It also supposed the begining of the working-class struggle for their rights.

ENJOY IT!!

GOOGLE DRIVE DOCUMENT

Unit 4 the industrial revolution from Oscar González

The dictators - Unit 3

Prim Murdered!

Today, 30 December general Prim has dead because an organised attack.

The Spanish Prime minister has died in his palace due to the infected wounds produced on the organised attack occured three days ago at the exit from parliament. He was going towards the Ministery of War. It is not yet known the responsable of the murder.

General Prim.

British newspaper.

The 27 of December about at 19:30, Prim was coming out of the parliament. He was heading to his palace in  a carriage, when, at the Turco street , there were two carriage stopped at the middle of the road. Coronel Moya saw three army men dressed in white blouses comming near the presidential transport, according to what he told us. The three men shot on both sides of the carriage, so the glass windows broke up. A man introduced the gun cannon on the transport and Prim's assistant Nandín, who was in the carriage too, tried to protect prim putting his hand on the cannon, so, when the man shot, his hand was shattered. The aggression lasted only a few seconds, because they went quickly to the palace. Some doctors help him, and Nandin, his assistant was moved to the nearest ambulatory. Prim's wounds weren't serious enough to kill him, but the infection of them was the cause of his death. Amadeo of Savoy came from Italy to became king but when he noticed that his main supporter was death he returned to Italy.

                                    

The Kings Unit 3

3rd September 1839

Last news

At the end the war has ended

Hug between Espartero and Maroto

The last friday 31st of  August everything was over thanks to  the  agreement between to two  bands that  was confirmed with the  hug between Baldomero Espartero and Rafael Maroto after they signed the agreemnet in  Oñati. 

Carlist flag

Just in case someone hasn't noticed it, the Carlist War began  the last 1833 because of the dead of Fernando VII and the  confrontation between the Carlist (supporters of Fernando's  brother) and  the Isabel's supporters. After seven years of war, at the beginnig of this month, some talks began between the two sides to end the war. Finally the 29th of August, in the Palace of Lazarraga, they reached an agreement that was 

Flag of Isabel's supporters

signed by the carlists generals Iturbe and Eguía and the general Espartero from the Isabel's supporters. In the document they agreed the peace between both sides and that the 21 battalions that were under the direct command of Maroto meet the next 31st in the neighboring town of Vergara in order to carry out the recognition ceremony of Isabel II as legitimate queen of Spain.

Palace of Lazarraga

In the treaty they engaged to: 
- Espartero would recommend to the government to preserve the fueros.
- The Carlist officers would be recognized and they could continue serving the queen if they accept the Constitution of 1837
- The Carlists had to deliver arms, clothing and supplies to Espartero.

Isabel II

- The widows and orphans of Carlists killed in the war would be attended.

Finally the day that was agreed they met in the Zubieta bridge and Maroto and Espartero give each other a hug confirming the peace and then they went to sign another time the convention.

This agreement had been the most important event of recent years and we hope it will bring us a period of peace.

NEWS FOR OUR PROJECT!!

From now onwards, we are going to add new features to our project.

First, we will add individual comments to the news produced by our classmates. These comments will be evaluated as if they were homework exercises.

Second, from the next news that you elaborate, in addition to the usual format we will make the same news in paper format following the models that you can see in the link.

NEWSPAPER MODELS

I also give you an example of how the news can be.