CONTENTS UNIT 5 - THE IMPERIALISM AND THE I WORLD WAR

This is a very interesting period of History. Tensions between European countries led to a conflict the world had never witnessed before. Its consequences would be terrible...

Pay attention to the presentation; there are some surprises in it.

GOOGLE DRIVE LINK

Unit 5 The Imperialism and the IWW from IES - ORNIA - LA BAÑEZA (LEÓN)

The next video will help you to understand better and to study the unit. Enjoy it!!

The Emperors - Unit 4

Robert Owen has bought New Lanark Mills

The 27-year-old young bussinessman, Robert Owen, has converted New Lanark Mills in a "Working Paradise" and has provided opportunities for children.

In 1799 Robert Owen, at the age of twenty-seven, ended the purchase of the Dale factory holdings in New Lanark, Scotland, and married Anne Caroline Dale soon there after.

As the manager of the New Lanark Mills, which employed more two thousand people, (including around five hundred children whose working life had begun at the age of five or six when they had left Edinburgh or Glasgow workhouses), Robert Owen introduced a yet more human and progressive employment regime than the one that had been in place under David Dale. No child younger than ten years old was employed and these were allowed relatively decent breaks for meals and some modestly worth while educational opportunities. As far as adult employees went he sought to introduce some new machinery, to improve the flow of work through the factory, and to quietly discourage pilfering and drunkenness.

New Lanark gained international fame when Owen's experiments in enhancing his workers' environment resulted in increased productivity and profit. Robert Owen spent considerable amounts of money on improving housing conditions in New Lanark, arranging the public refuse system, and for the paving of its streets. He also arranged for a company store that sold goods of higher quality and at lower prices than the stores that had previously been available in the area. This store managed to make a profit that Owen diverted towards funding a school for the worker's children leading to the establishment of the first infant school in Great Britain through Owen's support for the educational efforts of James Buchanan.

The Kings Unit 4

8th August, 1835

Last news

Great fire in Barcelona

Bonaplata's factory

The last friday's night the factory "El Vapor" was assaulted and inflamed by a group of luddites. There were numerous damages and the Bonaplata asked the government for an indemnification. A worker, Aleix Pardiñas, was arrested by the police and he confessed after having being tortured and he was shooted the saturday.

Luddites attacking the machines

The factory began to work after the dead of  Fernando VII and in a political difficult situation with the confrontation between carlists and supporters of Isabel II. Due to this struggle and to the politicals trends of some friars in Reus and other important cities, some convents were attacked. Then the revolt arrive to Barcelona and on the 25th of July, there were similar attacks in Sant Josep's convent and also in those of the Carmelites, the Dominicans, the Agustinos and the Trinitarios. On 5th of August, the general Balsa, who was trying to stop the disturbances, died. With the presence of this rarefied atmosphere and of the conflicts inside the factory about the machines that were seen as the enemy by the working class the workers decided that that night was the perfect one to carry out the plan that they had organize during weeks and weeks. They enter in the factory and began to burn some machines. Then they escape in the confusion and run away. The mayority of the workers managed to escape but Aleix Pardiñas didn't get it and some hours later he was imprisoned. During this weekend some others industrious towns like Manlleu, Ripoll, San Pedor, Moyá or Gironella were attacked by the luddites.

Leader of the English Luddites

They took as example the attacks in Alcoy in 1821. It was the first manifestation of Luddism that there was in Spain. It took place on 2 of March of 1821, during the Liberal Triennium of the reign of Ferdinand VII, when about 1200 peasants and laborers from the neighboring villages who carded and spun wool in their homes assaulted Alcoy and destroyed 17 machines. Two regiments from Játiva and Alicante had to intervene to restore tranquility.
In the all the cases they take as example the attacks made up in the south and east of Great Britain, in which the first Luddites destroy the machines  as a form of  increase pressure on employers, to weaken the lower-paid workers who competed with them, and to create solidarity among workers. They said: "These attacks on the machines did not necessarily imply hostility to the machines as such, the machine was just a convenient objective against which an attack could be carried out". The aim of the Luddites is gainning a better negotiating position with their employers. They were not afraid of technology per se, but they were "labor strategists". 
If you want to see more of the history of luddites click here.

The executioners- unit 4

 14th november 1913

FORD REVOLUTIONIZES THE CAR MARKET.

  

Henry Ford invents production line to make more accessible the buy of a car to every citizens.

The day we have been waiting for a long time has arrived, an American race driver born in the state of  Michigan has fulfilled the dreams of thousands of citizens. Now the access to buy a car is easier thanks to Henry Ford, the man that has changed the world.

Henry Ford

Henry Ford, who is 50s invented the Assembly Line, that is a manufacturing process  in which parts are added as the semi-finished assembly moves to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced. 

On October 7th 1913, the Ford plant on Piquette Avenue in Detroit began to produce the Ford Model T in masse with the assembly line. That day began a new era, the so-called Fordism, although of Model T had been released a few years earlier, on October 1st 1908.

Ford Model T production

The Ford team employs unskilled labor, farmers who have come to the city to seek their fortune and who will soon be car workers. The key for to the system is to subdivide the tasks to the minimum expression and bring the components to the workers, instead of waiting for each worker to move to the vehicle that manufactures. That being the case, these workers hardly need training. With chain work in poorly qualified hands, Henry can reduce cost and decides to pass on that cost reduction in a price reduction that will increase sales. In 1908 it is price was 825 dollars but every time the price goes down more.

Bearing in mind that the economic stage was one of the high inflation in the interwar period, this was an essential factor for the democratization of the Ford model... and for the automobile boom.

As Henry says: when we think that tomorrow will never come, it has already become yesterday.

Unit 4 The Dictators

Revolution in the machinery!

 James Watt invents the modern steam engine.

James Watt has patented his first efficient steam machine. He has not invented it but he has improved at stratospheric levels the Thomas Newcomen´s machine making it more useful and efficient for the manual jobs.

Plane of a steam engine

The first working steam engine had been patented in 1698 and by the time of Watt's birth, Newcomen engines were pumping water from mines all over the country. In around 1764, Watt was given a model Newcomen engine to repair. He realised that it was hopelessly inefficient and began to work to improve the design. He designed a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine that prevented enormous losses of steam. His new patent covered this device and other improvements on Newcomen's engine.

Portrait of James Watt.

Watt and Matthew Boulton, who owns an engineering works in Birmingham are starting to manufacture and commercialize this new steam machine. Watt's two most important improvements were the separate condenser and rotary motion. The separate condenser, located external to the cylinder, condensed steam without cooling the piston and cylinder walls as did the internal spray in Newcomen's engine. Watt's engine's efficiency was more than the double of the Newcomen´s engine. Rotary motion was more suitable for industrial power than the oscillating beam of Newcomen's engine. It is a vacuum or "atmospheric" engine using steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to create a partial vacuum beneath the piston.


This machine is useful for many manual and tedious tasks. It will revolution the industry speeding up the production in a 150%. 

EMPERORS UNIT 3

WHAT EVERYONE WAS WAITING FOR

After the bombing of Barcelona, Espartero lost the popularity achieved as winner of the first Carlist War and that gave him the title of "Duque de la Victoria". In the first months of 1843 a "antiespartierist coalition" was formed.

General Espartero

The 27th of May there was a protest at Reus, led by moderate militars, such as General Prim, Topete and Serrano. Espartero went to Valencia to oversee the operations against the rebels. But, the 27th of June, three generals came back from exile in Paris. These generals were moderates as well, Generals Ramón María Narváez, Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha y Juan González de la Pezuela . 

Serrano was named the provisional leader of government. After swearing everything the Board asked for, Serrano and the barceloneses started to march agaisnt Madrid.

The 22nd of July the Battle of Torrejón de Ardoz took place, which only lasted for 15 minutes, because the troops of the progresists joined the troops led by Serrano and in the 23rd Narváez entered at Madrid and reestablished Joaquín María López as president.

López didn´t recognise the promise between Serrano and the Board of Barcelona to call a central Board which would asume the power.

After knowing the ending of the Battle of Torrejón de Ardoz, Espartero fled to England, after losing all hope when wasn´t able to conquer Seville.

CONTENTS UNIT 4 - THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Here you have the contents related with Unit 4: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

It was a very important period that finally changed every aspect of the 19th century society, economy and politics. It also supposed the begining of the working-class struggle for their rights.

ENJOY IT!!

GOOGLE DRIVE DOCUMENT

Unit 4 the industrial revolution from Oscar González

The dictators - Unit 3

Prim Murdered!

Today, 30 December general Prim has dead because an organised attack.

The Spanish Prime minister has died in his palace due to the infected wounds produced on the organised attack occured three days ago at the exit from parliament. He was going towards the Ministery of War. It is not yet known the responsable of the murder.

General Prim.

British newspaper.

The 27 of December about at 19:30, Prim was coming out of the parliament. He was heading to his palace in  a carriage, when, at the Turco street , there were two carriage stopped at the middle of the road. Coronel Moya saw three army men dressed in white blouses comming near the presidential transport, according to what he told us. The three men shot on both sides of the carriage, so the glass windows broke up. A man introduced the gun cannon on the transport and Prim's assistant Nandín, who was in the carriage too, tried to protect prim putting his hand on the cannon, so, when the man shot, his hand was shattered. The aggression lasted only a few seconds, because they went quickly to the palace. Some doctors help him, and Nandin, his assistant was moved to the nearest ambulatory. Prim's wounds weren't serious enough to kill him, but the infection of them was the cause of his death. Amadeo of Savoy came from Italy to became king but when he noticed that his main supporter was death he returned to Italy.

                                    

The Kings Unit 3

3rd September 1839

Last news

At the end the war has ended

Hug between Espartero and Maroto

The last friday 31st of  August everything was over thanks to  the  agreement between to two  bands that  was confirmed with the  hug between Baldomero Espartero and Rafael Maroto after they signed the agreemnet in  Oñati. 

Carlist flag

Just in case someone hasn't noticed it, the Carlist War began  the last 1833 because of the dead of Fernando VII and the  confrontation between the Carlist (supporters of Fernando's  brother) and  the Isabel's supporters. After seven years of war, at the beginnig of this month, some talks began between the two sides to end the war. Finally the 29th of August, in the Palace of Lazarraga, they reached an agreement that was 

Flag of Isabel's supporters

signed by the carlists generals Iturbe and Eguía and the general Espartero from the Isabel's supporters. In the document they agreed the peace between both sides and that the 21 battalions that were under the direct command of Maroto meet the next 31st in the neighboring town of Vergara in order to carry out the recognition ceremony of Isabel II as legitimate queen of Spain.

Palace of Lazarraga

In the treaty they engaged to: 
- Espartero would recommend to the government to preserve the fueros.
- The Carlist officers would be recognized and they could continue serving the queen if they accept the Constitution of 1837
- The Carlists had to deliver arms, clothing and supplies to Espartero.

Isabel II

- The widows and orphans of Carlists killed in the war would be attended.

Finally the day that was agreed they met in the Zubieta bridge and Maroto and Espartero give each other a hug confirming the peace and then they went to sign another time the convention.

This agreement had been the most important event of recent years and we hope it will bring us a period of peace.

NEWS FOR OUR PROJECT!!

From now onwards, we are going to add new features to our project.

First, we will add individual comments to the news produced by our classmates. These comments will be evaluated as if they were homework exercises.

Second, from the next news that you elaborate, in addition to the usual format we will make the same news in paper format following the models that you can see in the link.

NEWSPAPER MODELS

I also give you an example of how the news can be.