FIRST NEWS

 TORRICELLI INVENTS THE BAROMETER

THE LAST WEEK EVANGELISTA TORRICELLI SHOWED THAT THE AIR HAS WEIGHT

 

This physicist and mathematician at the University of Pisa and born on October 15, 1608 in Faenza discovered after a long work the BAROMETER.

To do this, he used the mercury by ascending it in a tube, creating a vacuum in the upper part, pushed by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. So he showed that the air has weight. 

The barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure or barometric pressure, that is, to measure the pressure in an open vessel and also to calculate the height of the mountains.

Torricelli's theorem is an application of Bernoulli's principle and studies the flow of a liquid contained in a container, through a small hole, under the action of gravity.

Over time we will discover if this Galileo Galiley student, a student educated at Benedetto Castelli and now a PhD supervisor, makes this invention one of the most important of the time.

The Messenger - Unit I

THE BATTLE OF THE LAND: PHYSIOCRATS AND LOUIS XV

10/20/1758 (Paris)

With a war against Great Britain still on, Louis XV has to face a new economic movement: the physiocracy

The current king, Louis XV, The Beloved, was for a time loved by the

Louis XV

people as a courageous and capable king. However, for some time 
he has gotten into battles for land he has not been able to win, and 
the current one against Great Britain and Prussia does not seem to
be different. All this added to the scandals concerning their 
followers have made the town have a bad image of Louis XV, 
see in the stab he received about a year ago for one of his servants, 
a wound from which the king recovered. But now our king faces 
another problem: physiocracy. Recently a book has been published 
by François Quesnay, the king's doctor since 1744, and his name is 
"Tableau Économique". This text defends that wealth is based on
food produced by the country, mainly agriculture, disregarding trade
and manufacturing as sources of wealth, considering them "sterile”.
This is based in Britain’s system, where the land and weather make
agriculture easier. The supporters of this movement, the physiocrats,

François Quesnay

try that neither the owner of the land nor the state intervene in these
activities and that the price of the land is lowered, ideas that Quesnay
coined under the term
"Laissez-faire", something that to the King does not seem like a good
idea even though the movement is gaining strength and more and more
followers.

Here you have a resumed video that we recorded about Louis XV (you
need to turn captions in english)

And Here you´ve got an Spanish adaption of the "Tableau Economique"

THE EXPLORER NEWS - UNIT 1

07/10/1796

THE NEW VACCINE THAT IS SAVING 

SO MANY LIFES   

Finally the cure to the deadliest disease of the time 
is discovered: the smallpox.

As you know, lately the smallpox virus has spread very quickly. This is a contagious disease caused by a virus which is characterized by causing fever and the appearence of pus. It can be transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids or with contaminated objects, such as sheets, covers or clothing.

The English physician and scientist Edward Jenner has discovered last Wednesday the cure for the disease that more deaths is currently causing. He has achieved it by extracting pus from a pustule from the hand of Sarah Nelmes, a milker who had contracted her cow's smallpox, and inoculating it into a healthy 8-year-old boy named James Phipps, who later incubated the disease between the 7th and the 9th day. Eventually, he inoculated him with the smallpox virus, but he didn't get sick since a vesicle had formed at the inoculation points and thanks to that, he knew that he had discovered the cure for smallpox.

On our part, we want to thank Edward Jenner for his great discovery and we hope that many more lifes will be saved.

HISTORICAL JOURNALISTS-UNIT 1

Wednesday,9th July 1687

THE FORMULATION OF THE GRAVITATION LAW

NEWTON HAS PUBLISHED A BOOK WITH HIS UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION LAW

The last saturday,5th of July,Isaac Newton has published a work in three books called the Principa that states Newton's laws of motion and the most important is the law of universal gravitation that he had formulated by his own and he emodied later in his book.

Everything started when , between 1665 and 1667 Isaac Newton was sent to his house in Woolstrophe because of the Black Death , like the rest of the cambridge students.

He was sitting in the shade of a tree in deep mediation when he saw an apple fall and the concept The universal gravitation came to his mind. After this, he took years to develop it before he wrote this book. When he first presented his book to the Royal Society in 1686 Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him.

Isaac Newton exposed that

allthe objects apply a gravity force between them,wich is proportional to the product of their mass and inversely proportional to the distance between them,so he concluded this in the following formula:

FINALLY!! THE SECOND EDITION IS READY!!

For second year in a row, the bilingual ESO4 students, as History reporters, have got the IES Ornia´s HISTORICAL NEWSPAPER off the ground in the city of La Bañeza.

The pages of this year´s edition, which is now in your hands, are filled with inventions, wars, attacks and even gossip.

Once again, not without certain difficulties, the project has been really enriching for the students, who have become experts in the fields they have been investigating.

Who knows? A journalistic vocation may  have been born ...

Oscar González - Teacher

The Journalists of time - 2018/19 edition

______________________________________________________________________________

Por segundo año consecutivo, los estudiantes de Historia de 4º de ESO bilingüe, se han convertido en reporteros de la Historia y han sacado adelante el HISTORICAL NEWSPAPER del IES Ornia en la ciudad de La Bañeza.

Inventos, guerras, atentados o cotilleos, llenan las páginas del ejemplar de este año que ahora tienen en sus manos en su edición impresa.

Una vez más, no sin ciertas dificultades, el proyecto ha sido muy enriquecedor y, alumnos y alumnas, se han convertido en expertos en los temas que han investigado.

Quién sabe si habrá nacido alguna vocación periodística…

Oscar González

2018/19 paper edition

YOU CAN PURCHASE THE PRINTABLE PDF VERSION, ACCESSING THE FOLLOWING LINK - 2018/19 PAPER VERSION - PDF

DIDEROT NEWS- UNIT 5

THE INVENTION THAT WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE.

December 3, 1913

"Cars changed the way people lived, worked, and enjoyed leisure time; however, what most people don’t realize is that the process of manufacturing automobiles had an equally significant impact on the industry." 

Picture of a worker attaching a gas tank on Ford's assembly line.

Last Monday, December 1, Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile industry and the concept of manufacturing worldwide with the creation of the assembly line at his Highland Park plant, which was built in 1910, with the aim of increasing manufacturing capacity for the Model T.

An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which parts  sare added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced

Ford observed previously the assembly line concept in slaughterhouses in the Midwest and was also inspired by the conveyor belt system that was common in many grain warehouses in that region. 

• According to Henry Ford the principles of assembly line are these:

1. Place the tools and the men in the sequence of the operation so that each component part shall travel the least possible distance while in the process of finishing.
2. Use work slides or some other form of carrier so that when a workman completes his operation, he drops the part always in the same place, which place must always be the most convenient place to his hand, and if possible have gravity carry the part to the next workman for his own.
3. Use sliding assembling lines by which the parts to be assembled are delivered at convenient distances.

Henry Ford is not a newcomer to the business of automobile manufacturing. He built his first car, which he christened the “Quadricycle,” in 1896. In 1903, he officially opened the Ford Motor Company and five years later released the first Model T.

The impact of the assembly line will be revolutionary, workers specialization will result in less waste and a higher quality of the end product, it reduced the time it take to build a car from more than 12 hours to two hours and 30 minutes.
The assembly line will also drastically change the lives of those in Ford’s employ. The workday will be cut from nine hours to eight hours so that the concept of the three shift workday could be established with greater ease. Although hours will be reduce , workers won't suffer from lower wages; instead of that, Ford is thinking about doubling the existing industry standard wage and begin paying his workers $5 a day.
Ford’s purpose is to achieve that his workers use some of their salary increases to buy their own Model T, what do you think about that? Will he reach his goal?

        

Liberal News - Unit 5

CEASE-FIRE FOR CHRISTMAS!!!!

German and British soldiers already tired of the war declared an unofficial truce and spent Christmas break together.

Starting the month of December, the Pope Benedict XV suggested giving a break to the troops for the Christmas celebration, but  the countries in war didn´t want to make an official cease-fire, what they didn´t expect was that the soldiers declare their own truce.

It was the first light of dawn on Christmas Day, along the western front in France, the troops were tired of the war and they wanted to celebrate Christmas. They started to hear Christmas carols and when they looked they saw how some German soldiers emerged from their trenches with their candles to the no-man´s- land, calling out  "Merry Christmas" in the enemies’ native languagues.

In the beginning the British troops  distrusted the intentions of the German, but when they noticed that they carring their weapons they decided to leave their trenches and spent the festivity together.

But how did they celebrate it?

The men of both armies exchanged presents such as cigarettes, plum puddings, chocolate...  sang Christmas carols, and some soldiers played a football match even knowing that theywere in danger because they were playing in no-man´s land which was mined. And also, some soldiers took advantage of the cease-fire for a darker task: the retrieval  of the bodies of their partners who had fallen between the lines.  

At the end of the day, they returned to the trenches, knowing that the next day they would be enemies again. But what they didn´t expect was the punishment of their superiors, who also tried that this truce didn´t come to light. But they were unlucky and they couldn´t eliminate all the evidences which eventually came to our hands.

The Militia Unit:5

THE TRUTH BEHIND THE WAR

This war has been the most tragic and the saddest one we have just suffered in human history. We are here today for talking about all the bad consequences and the pain brought to all the families in the  world.

Reporting how this war was it is not something easy; many other  reporters have tried to show the reality of this conflict and were jailed or arrested, such as Philip Gibbs who had conflicts with the press' censorship.

Beyond the terrorific event this war has been, the human lifes that we have lost are such an impressive number you won't believe it's true. 

Russia: 9,150,000 deaths.

German Empire: 7,150,000 deaths.

Autria-Hungary Empire: 7,020,000 deaths.

France: 6,160,000 deaths.

Great Britain: 3,190,000 deaths.

Italy: 2,197,000 deaths.

USA: 326,000 deaths.

                      

                             THE POPULATION

This demographic pyramid allows us to see how the Great War affected the population in France. We can apreciate clearly that between the years 1880-1900 there is a blank space in the left (men) side, due to the losts of lifes during this war. Further more, we can see that between the years 1910-1920, there is an income in both women and men, that is because the birthless rate during the war.

THE DARK SIDE

This war has been the first war in which chemical weapons were used. This caused a devastation in all Europe and left us with images that are hard to see.

German people were the first ones in studying and developing these weapons, in order to use them in a large scale. Fritz Haber was the scientist who studied this gases. They were used at first in the Battle of Ypres.

The shrapnel leaves it's mark. And indeed it does. If we go back to the Great War, the images will leave you speechless. The disfigured faces, victims of shrapnel and seasoned with infections, evolved medicine in this field.

           

The 4 Enlighteners Unit 5

 END OF A DUKE, BEGINNING OF A WAR 

29-06-1914

Yesterday one of the most tragic events of the decade took place . The Austrian's archduke, Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated. However, this slaughter didn't attempted just with his life, but also with his wife's, who was pregnant of their fourth baby.

Last morning, at 10:00 a.m., the archduke's vehicle was victim of a bomb that, luckily, bounced and exploited in the street leaving several injured people, although the Austrian couple remained alive. The author of this first attempt is a Serbian separatist called Cabrinovic, who tried to kill himself after the unsuccessful explosion but got arrested. 

Twenty minutes later, the archduke was in the Town hall giving a speech. When the act came to the end, he set his direction towards the hospital in order to visit the victims, but his car never arrived!!!

The vehicle´s engine stopped working during the way, so this was the perfect moment for Princip to execute his plan. Gavrilo Princip, like Cabrinovic, was part of an organisation named The Black Hand". This terrorist group of nationalist ideology wanted to reunificate Serbia and this project included Bosnia, an astro-hungarian territory.

Everything was planned carefully and Franz Ferdinand was getting closer to his death. It was 10:55 and the murderer was ready. He took out his gun and started walking towards the car. One shot, the arch is dead, two shots, the wife is dead.  In just two seconds this cruel act caused the chaos. 

Could be this the beginning of a war between the mid Europe and the Slavic territories? We will see in the next days if the countries make a declaration.

THE ROYAL FAMILY

    THE GREAT WAR HAS FINALLY ENDED!!!!

Four years after the beginning of the great war that was planned for a few months, and ended up killing more than 10 million soldiers from 28 countries, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, on November 11, 1918 at 11.00, Thousands of bugles touched the ceasefire of the First World War.

In all the French municipalities where the fighting had not destroyed the bells, they sounded to celebrate a bitter victory for the hundreds of thousands of widows and orphans, since along with Belgium, France was one of the most affected countries because the fighting more violent were carried out in their territory. As a result, France lost more than 30% of its wealth.

In Saint-Nazaire, Brest, Le Havre, the newly disembarked American soldiers paraded under their banners, waiting to return home, like the two million of their compatriots who had fought for long months against the Germans.

In the allied capitals, civilians invaded the streets with joy. Piccadilly Circus in London, Fifth Avenue in New York, Piazza Venezia in Rome were filled with people.

Russia and the border region between Austria and Italy was severely punished with numerous towns and cities destroyed and Italy losing a total of 26% of its wealth.

In Germany, whose territory was not invaded during the whole conflict, the relief was accompanied for many by a feeling of humiliation losing about 25% of its wealth. Given this situation numerous groups that did not accept the end of the war and denounced the peace treaties denouncing that they considered unfair subordination of their country to peace treaties.

The postwar society was prey to a deep crisis of conscience. The aftermath of the conflict led to the questioning of the prevailing political, social and economic models.

 This image shows an example of the destruction that the war has caused.

The most important weapons were:

• The flamethrower was used by the German army at the beginning of the war with which there were about 650 attacks with flamethrowers.
• The machine gun shoots approximately 400 to 600 projectiles per minute.
• The tear gas was the first non-lethal chemical weapon that irritated the eyes preventing vision. The Germans were the first to use it.
• Tanks are armored vehicles designed to confront enemy forces using direct fire. They were used to break the trench war.
• The planes were used for the first time in this war to launch bombs and propaganda to the enemy cities.
• The submarine is a ship capable of navigating underwater and carrying nuclear stingers.