HISTORICAL JOURNALISTS-UNIT 1

Wednesday,9th July 1687

THE FORMULATION OF THE GRAVITATION LAW

NEWTON HAS PUBLISHED A BOOK WITH HIS UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION LAW

The last saturday,5th of July,Isaac Newton has published a work in three books called the Principa that states Newton's laws of motion and the most important is the law of universal gravitation that he had formulated by his own and he emodied later in his book.

Everything started when , between 1665 and 1667 Isaac Newton was sent to his house in Woolstrophe because of the Black Death , like the rest of the cambridge students.

He was sitting in the shade of a tree in deep mediation when he saw an apple fall and the concept The universal gravitation came to his mind. After this, he took years to develop it before he wrote this book. When he first presented his book to the Royal Society in 1686 Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him.

Isaac Newton exposed that

allthe objects apply a gravity force between them,wich is proportional to the product of their mass and inversely proportional to the distance between them,so he concluded this in the following formula:

FINALLY!! THE SECOND EDITION IS READY!!

For second year in a row, the bilingual ESO4 students, as History reporters, have got the IES Ornia´s HISTORICAL NEWSPAPER off the ground in the city of La Bañeza.

The pages of this year´s edition, which is now in your hands, are filled with inventions, wars, attacks and even gossip.

Once again, not without certain difficulties, the project has been really enriching for the students, who have become experts in the fields they have been investigating.

Who knows? A journalistic vocation may  have been born ...

Oscar González - Teacher

The Journalists of time - 2018/19 edition

______________________________________________________________________________

Por segundo año consecutivo, los estudiantes de Historia de 4º de ESO bilingüe, se han convertido en reporteros de la Historia y han sacado adelante el HISTORICAL NEWSPAPER del IES Ornia en la ciudad de La Bañeza.

Inventos, guerras, atentados o cotilleos, llenan las páginas del ejemplar de este año que ahora tienen en sus manos en su edición impresa.

Una vez más, no sin ciertas dificultades, el proyecto ha sido muy enriquecedor y, alumnos y alumnas, se han convertido en expertos en los temas que han investigado.

Quién sabe si habrá nacido alguna vocación periodística…

Oscar González

2018/19 paper edition

YOU CAN PURCHASE THE PRINTABLE PDF VERSION, ACCESSING THE FOLLOWING LINK - 2018/19 PAPER VERSION - PDF

DIDEROT NEWS- UNIT 5

THE INVENTION THAT WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE.

December 3, 1913

"Cars changed the way people lived, worked, and enjoyed leisure time; however, what most people don’t realize is that the process of manufacturing automobiles had an equally significant impact on the industry." 

Picture of a worker attaching a gas tank on Ford's assembly line.

Last Monday, December 1, Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile industry and the concept of manufacturing worldwide with the creation of the assembly line at his Highland Park plant, which was built in 1910, with the aim of increasing manufacturing capacity for the Model T.

An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which parts  sare added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced

Ford observed previously the assembly line concept in slaughterhouses in the Midwest and was also inspired by the conveyor belt system that was common in many grain warehouses in that region. 

• According to Henry Ford the principles of assembly line are these:

1. Place the tools and the men in the sequence of the operation so that each component part shall travel the least possible distance while in the process of finishing.
2. Use work slides or some other form of carrier so that when a workman completes his operation, he drops the part always in the same place, which place must always be the most convenient place to his hand, and if possible have gravity carry the part to the next workman for his own.
3. Use sliding assembling lines by which the parts to be assembled are delivered at convenient distances.

Henry Ford is not a newcomer to the business of automobile manufacturing. He built his first car, which he christened the “Quadricycle,” in 1896. In 1903, he officially opened the Ford Motor Company and five years later released the first Model T.

The impact of the assembly line will be revolutionary, workers specialization will result in less waste and a higher quality of the end product, it reduced the time it take to build a car from more than 12 hours to two hours and 30 minutes.
The assembly line will also drastically change the lives of those in Ford’s employ. The workday will be cut from nine hours to eight hours so that the concept of the three shift workday could be established with greater ease. Although hours will be reduce , workers won't suffer from lower wages; instead of that, Ford is thinking about doubling the existing industry standard wage and begin paying his workers $5 a day.
Ford’s purpose is to achieve that his workers use some of their salary increases to buy their own Model T, what do you think about that? Will he reach his goal?

        

Liberal News - Unit 5

CEASE-FIRE FOR CHRISTMAS!!!!

German and British soldiers already tired of the war declared an unofficial truce and spent Christmas break together.

Starting the month of December, the Pope Benedict XV suggested giving a break to the troops for the Christmas celebration, but  the countries in war didn´t want to make an official cease-fire, what they didn´t expect was that the soldiers declare their own truce.

It was the first light of dawn on Christmas Day, along the western front in France, the troops were tired of the war and they wanted to celebrate Christmas. They started to hear Christmas carols and when they looked they saw how some German soldiers emerged from their trenches with their candles to the no-man´s- land, calling out  "Merry Christmas" in the enemies’ native languagues.

In the beginning the British troops  distrusted the intentions of the German, but when they noticed that they carring their weapons they decided to leave their trenches and spent the festivity together.

But how did they celebrate it?

The men of both armies exchanged presents such as cigarettes, plum puddings, chocolate...  sang Christmas carols, and some soldiers played a football match even knowing that theywere in danger because they were playing in no-man´s land which was mined. And also, some soldiers took advantage of the cease-fire for a darker task: the retrieval  of the bodies of their partners who had fallen between the lines.  

At the end of the day, they returned to the trenches, knowing that the next day they would be enemies again. But what they didn´t expect was the punishment of their superiors, who also tried that this truce didn´t come to light. But they were unlucky and they couldn´t eliminate all the evidences which eventually came to our hands.

The Militia Unit:5

THE TRUTH BEHIND THE WAR

This war has been the most tragic and the saddest one we have just suffered in human history. We are here today for talking about all the bad consequences and the pain brought to all the families in the  world.

Reporting how this war was it is not something easy; many other  reporters have tried to show the reality of this conflict and were jailed or arrested, such as Philip Gibbs who had conflicts with the press' censorship.

Beyond the terrorific event this war has been, the human lifes that we have lost are such an impressive number you won't believe it's true. 

Russia: 9,150,000 deaths.

German Empire: 7,150,000 deaths.

Autria-Hungary Empire: 7,020,000 deaths.

France: 6,160,000 deaths.

Great Britain: 3,190,000 deaths.

Italy: 2,197,000 deaths.

USA: 326,000 deaths.

                      

                             THE POPULATION

This demographic pyramid allows us to see how the Great War affected the population in France. We can apreciate clearly that between the years 1880-1900 there is a blank space in the left (men) side, due to the losts of lifes during this war. Further more, we can see that between the years 1910-1920, there is an income in both women and men, that is because the birthless rate during the war.

THE DARK SIDE

This war has been the first war in which chemical weapons were used. This caused a devastation in all Europe and left us with images that are hard to see.

German people were the first ones in studying and developing these weapons, in order to use them in a large scale. Fritz Haber was the scientist who studied this gases. They were used at first in the Battle of Ypres.

The shrapnel leaves it's mark. And indeed it does. If we go back to the Great War, the images will leave you speechless. The disfigured faces, victims of shrapnel and seasoned with infections, evolved medicine in this field.

           

The 4 Enlighteners Unit 5

 END OF A DUKE, BEGINNING OF A WAR 

29-06-1914

Yesterday one of the most tragic events of the decade took place . The Austrian's archduke, Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated. However, this slaughter didn't attempted just with his life, but also with his wife's, who was pregnant of their fourth baby.

Last morning, at 10:00 a.m., the archduke's vehicle was victim of a bomb that, luckily, bounced and exploited in the street leaving several injured people, although the Austrian couple remained alive. The author of this first attempt is a Serbian separatist called Cabrinovic, who tried to kill himself after the unsuccessful explosion but got arrested. 

Twenty minutes later, the archduke was in the Town hall giving a speech. When the act came to the end, he set his direction towards the hospital in order to visit the victims, but his car never arrived!!!

The vehicle´s engine stopped working during the way, so this was the perfect moment for Princip to execute his plan. Gavrilo Princip, like Cabrinovic, was part of an organisation named The Black Hand". This terrorist group of nationalist ideology wanted to reunificate Serbia and this project included Bosnia, an astro-hungarian territory.

Everything was planned carefully and Franz Ferdinand was getting closer to his death. It was 10:55 and the murderer was ready. He took out his gun and started walking towards the car. One shot, the arch is dead, two shots, the wife is dead.  In just two seconds this cruel act caused the chaos. 

Could be this the beginning of a war between the mid Europe and the Slavic territories? We will see in the next days if the countries make a declaration.

THE ROYAL FAMILY

    THE GREAT WAR HAS FINALLY ENDED!!!!

Four years after the beginning of the great war that was planned for a few months, and ended up killing more than 10 million soldiers from 28 countries, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, on November 11, 1918 at 11.00, Thousands of bugles touched the ceasefire of the First World War.

In all the French municipalities where the fighting had not destroyed the bells, they sounded to celebrate a bitter victory for the hundreds of thousands of widows and orphans, since along with Belgium, France was one of the most affected countries because the fighting more violent were carried out in their territory. As a result, France lost more than 30% of its wealth.

In Saint-Nazaire, Brest, Le Havre, the newly disembarked American soldiers paraded under their banners, waiting to return home, like the two million of their compatriots who had fought for long months against the Germans.

In the allied capitals, civilians invaded the streets with joy. Piccadilly Circus in London, Fifth Avenue in New York, Piazza Venezia in Rome were filled with people.

Russia and the border region between Austria and Italy was severely punished with numerous towns and cities destroyed and Italy losing a total of 26% of its wealth.

In Germany, whose territory was not invaded during the whole conflict, the relief was accompanied for many by a feeling of humiliation losing about 25% of its wealth. Given this situation numerous groups that did not accept the end of the war and denounced the peace treaties denouncing that they considered unfair subordination of their country to peace treaties.

The postwar society was prey to a deep crisis of conscience. The aftermath of the conflict led to the questioning of the prevailing political, social and economic models.

 This image shows an example of the destruction that the war has caused.

The most important weapons were:

• The flamethrower was used by the German army at the beginning of the war with which there were about 650 attacks with flamethrowers.
• The machine gun shoots approximately 400 to 600 projectiles per minute.
• The tear gas was the first non-lethal chemical weapon that irritated the eyes preventing vision. The Germans were the first to use it.
• Tanks are armored vehicles designed to confront enemy forces using direct fire. They were used to break the trench war.
• The planes were used for the first time in this war to launch bombs and propaganda to the enemy cities.
• The submarine is a ship capable of navigating underwater and carrying nuclear stingers.

Liberal News - Unit 4

Bomb at the "Liceo Theatre"

The past 7th of November took place an anarquist attack against the bourgoise of the Condal city.  What happened? Who really provoked it?

It was the evening of the 7th of November when an unexpected event terrified the city of Barcelona. The Liceo theatre was crowded with important figures of the city eager to attend one of the most anticipated releases; the theatre opened its doors to present "Guillermo Tell", the last opera of Rossini. It was around the 11 p.m when two bombs Orsini were thrown from the fifth floor to the stalls, although only one of them bust (the other one was cushioned by an already deceased spectator). It killed 22 people and injured 35. The authorities related this to an anarchism plot.

We talk with some testimonies and they have described the event as something frightening; "I went down to the seats. In the theater , large, full of light, the rigid bodies were seen, others were giving the last gaps. There were wounded screaming and unconscious ladies, also a girl between ten or twelve years old dead. Some musicians from the orchestra with their white bibs soaked in blood, helped to move the wounded... it was imposing", pronounced by Aurora Roja.

But, who caused the attempt? 

It was the 2th of January, when after a great investigation  the police found that Santiago Salvador was the author of the attempt. 

We  could talk with one of the policeman and he told us with details how Salvador carried out the attack.

Santiago Salvador

"He entered to the Liceo through the door that led to the Street of San Pablo with the two bombs in the belt, under the blouse. He went up to the fourth or fifth floor and stayed in the hall, where he could see the people, happy and full of enthusiasm and he thought that it was the right moment to act. He avanced one arm and the the other and the two bombs fell into the yard.

After the attack he went to Castelserás for Tortosa and Gandesa and they fled to Zaragoza where we caught him, after he tried to commit suicide by shooting himself in the stomach."

He was imprisoned in solitary cinfinement on February 1st and  he´s now waiting to be judged on the trial that will take place on April 11th.

The 4 Enlighteners Unit 4

ADVANCES ARRIVE BY RAILWAY

9th October 1848 

The event has been confirmated: next 28th October will take place the first Spanish railway's inauguration. Several tests have been made to prove the mechanism works perfectly, but... how does this new machine come to the Iberian Peninsula?

Eleven years ago, emerged the railway line in Cuba, joining the cities of  La-Habana and Güinea. The development of this transport line was facilitated by Miquel Biada, a young business man who get richer by the slaves trade. He lost his fortune in Venezuela when the country became independent. Then, he travelled to Cuba looking for recovering his money and finally he achieved it.  

The success of the company he was member of in Cuba, led him to bring the project of the railway to Spain.

However, it was difficult to carry the railway to the Iberian Peninsula, because there wasn´t too many people that support the project and invest on it. Some people also say that this transport causes illnesses and its smoke is bad for the health, or that the sparkles could cause fires. Despite the project has suffered some sabotage, it has remained firm.

It is expected that the trip from Barcelona to Mataró lasts 35 minutes. It will transport around 400 people, among whom Miquel will not be found because of his recent death a few months ago. Therefore, Miquel won´t be able to see his dream come true.


This event will be an act that will mark a new era in Spain, because it represents the progress of the country and how the Spanish Peninsula is making giant steps to catch the european industry and the advances in all the world. We hope the bourgueoise would like the project and support financially the industrialization of our beautiful country.

The Militia 4

LORD BYRON SCANDALIZES LORDS

Last 27th February, in The House of Lords (London), must examine a proposed law, alredy adopted by The House of Commons, which establishes the death penalty for breaking machines (luddites attacks), but a young poet, will be the only opponent.

 

This young man is Lord Byron and he is a great poet and writer. He was born 22th January 1788 (London). 

He had a strong advocate of social reform, he received particular praise as one of the few Parliamentary defenders of the Luddites: specifically, he was against a death penalty for Luddites.

                 
                  What was Byron's role in parliament?

As a member of the House of Lords, Byron attended 15 sessions, and spoke three times, always from a Whig position. In this speech, against a bill calling for the death penalty for frame-breakers, he is often ironic, but passionate in his defence of the protesting workers. 

      WHO ARE THE LUDDITIES?

Its origins date back to  the 19th century labor movement that railed against the economic fallout of the Industrial Revolution.

The original Luddites were British weavers and textile workers who object to the increased use of automated looms and knitting frames. Most were trained artisans who had spent years learning their craft, and they feared that unskilled machine operators were robbing them of their livelihood.

THE SPEECH

From 1811 the introduction of power-driven mechanical frames for the manufacture of stockings sparked off a series of protests around Nottingham, after groups of skilled labourers had lost work as a result of the new technology. Using the name ‘Luddites’, from an imaginary leader, Ned Ludd, they broke into workshops at night and smashed up the frames. The police and military were brought in to find and arrest Luddites, for the most part unsuccessfully, as shown here in Lord Byron's speech.